This publication presents a socioeconomic and fiscal characterization of coal-producing municipalities in Colombia in relation to the challenges of a Just Energy Transition. Based on an analysis of 97 mining municipalities, the report identifies vulnerabilities associated with fiscal dependence, structural poverty, low investment in fixed assets, and limited territorial capacity to respond to scenarios involving the closure or reduction of mining activity. The document provides key evidence to guide public policies, financial instruments, and territorial planning strategies that can help anticipate impacts and build sustainable alternatives for coal-producing territories.