This publication brings together reflections on the Andean Amazon in the twenty-first century, based on three central axes: neoextractivisms, new frontiers, and territorial resistances. The book analyzes the paradoxes that shape this territory, recognized for its ecological and social richness, yet historically treated by States as a marginal space. Through interdisciplinary contributions, it addresses the expansion of extractive, mining, hydrocarbon, and agricultural activities, their impacts on territories and climate change, as well as the responses of native peoples, local communities, and social movements to these processes.