This publication presents a diagnosis of the transition of heavy-duty freight and passenger vehicles in Colombia, with an emphasis on their energy, environmental, regulatory, social, and economic impacts. The document analyzes the high fossil fuel consumption of the HDV fleet, its share in land transport emissions, and the barriers to advancing toward zero- and low-emission technologies. It also identifies measures to accelerate electromobility, strengthen charging infrastructure, improve energy efficiency, and guide public policies that enable a gradual, coordinated, and just transition of heavy transport in the country.