This publication presents the main findings of a study on the human health impacts associated with emissions from coal-fired power plants in Colombia. Based on the analysis of Termopaipa, Termozipa, and Termoguajira, the document shows preventable effects related to air pollution, including premature deaths attributable to fine particulate matter, public health risks, and associated economic costs. It also offers recommendations to strengthen environmental regulation, licensing, health surveillance, air quality management, and the progressive replacement of coal-fired electricity generation within the framework of a Just Energy Transition.